The word translated new in the new covenant of Yirmeyahu [Jeremiah] 31:31. English hears new and assumes replacement, a second thing that cancels the first. The Hebrew root does not require that. It carries renew as readily as brand new.

Tehillim [Psalms] 104:30 uses the same root for how HaShem renews the face of the ground. The ground is not annihilated and swapped for another; it is made new again. A renewed covenant, not a different one. That distinction is the difference between restoration and replacement, and it decides how you read the whole story.